There is a particular richness of musical invention in Puccini’s Turandot, but richer still is the variety of ways in which the old tale of the ‘ice princess’ has been used throughout the centuries. In fact, few subjects have inspired so many theatrical interpretations, ranging from the commedia dell’arte of the 18th century to the 20th century’s Theatre of the Absurd. Of the twelve operas that have been written about Turandot (thirteen if one counts a vaudeville of 1729), no fewer than six were composed during Puccini’s lifetime. His is the only version still performed on a regular basis. In the Near East, the story has been known for close on a thousand years, and even today, folk-tales persist in the Iranian region about an irresistible princess of China and her potentially fatal challenges to unwanted suitors. Turandot (Turan-doxt, Turandoct, Tourandocte or Turandokht) is a Persian name meaning ‘the daughter of Turan’ - Turan being the Persian name for Central Asia. Persia ...